metronome/docs/livesync-protocol.md

PM Live-Sync protocol (beta)

Bidirectional live mirror between the PM_E‑1 editor (web) and a PM_K‑1 device (firmware). When armed, either side can edit a groove, change tempo/volume, start/stop, or select a set‑list item, and the other side reflects it in real time.

It rides the existing USB‑MIDI SysEx channel (manufacturer 0x7D) that the device link already uses for RTC / version / programs / firmware — no new transport, no new browser permission.

• Editor side: implemented in src/livesync.js + hooks in editor-beta.html.
• Device side: to be implemented in pico-cp/app.py (this document is the contract).
• Browser support: Web MIDI = Chrome / Edge / Firefox (no Safari), same as the existing "Device audio" feature.

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1. Frames

Every message is one SysEx frame:

F0 7D <op> <payload ASCII bytes, each 0x00–0x7F> F7

<op> lives in the free 0x40 block (existing ops: 0x01 RTC, 0x02/0x03 version, 0x10 programs, 0x21/22/23 firmware, 0x7E/0x7F NAK/ACK):

op	name	direction	payload
0x40	HELLO	either → either	<origin>
0x41	FULL	either → either	<origin>;<seq>;<running>;<sl>;<item>;<patch>
0x42	DELTA	either → either	<origin>;<seq>;<evt>
0x43	BYE	either → either	<origin>

• Payload is 7‑bit ASCII — never emit a byte > 0x7F (it corrupts the SysEx stream and, per build.sh, would also break the firmware‑update path). All share‑language patch strings are already ASCII.
• <origin> — a short per‑session id (the editor uses e.g. e1a2b3c). Used to drop your own echoes (see §4).
• <seq> — a monotonically increasing integer per sender. Informational / duplicate‑drop; ordering is guaranteed by USB‑MIDI so no reordering logic is required.
• <running> — 0 or 1.
• <sl> / <item> — set‑list and item index of the loaded program, or -1.
• <patch> — a share‑language patch string (see §3). It contains ; and /, so it is always the tail: parse the first 5 ;‑fields, then rejoin the rest as the patch.

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2. DELTA event grammar (<evt>)

One mutation, no ; inside. Reuses the share‑language tokens (see src/engine.js / README "Share language").

evt	meaning
play	start transport
stop	stop transport
bpm=<n>	set tempo (clamped to the firmware's BPM range)
vol=<pct>	master volume, 0–100
sel=<sl>/<item>	cue/load a set‑list item
beat=<lane>/<step>/<level>	per‑step dynamics; level 0/1/2/3 = mute/normal/accent/ghost
lane=<lane>/<field>/<value>	lane field edit (see below)

<lane> and <step> are 0‑based indices into the current program's lane list / that lane's step list (same order both sides).

lane= fields and values:

field	value
sound	voice name (kick, snare, hatClosed, …)
groups	grouping string, e.g. 2+2+3
sub	subdivision int: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 6
swing	0 or 1
gain	dB int, e.g. -3
poly	0 or 1
enabled	0 or 1 (0 = silenced lane)

Structural changes that re‑shape the lane list (add lane, remove lane, reorder) are not sent as deltas. Send a fresh 0x41 FULL instead — it is simpler and self‑healing. The editor does exactly this (a coalesced full‑state push ~150 ms after the last structural/practice edit).

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3. What each side emits vs. applies

The two halves are asymmetric in what they emit but symmetric in what they apply — each must apply every op/evt listed above.

Editor emits:

• fine 0x42 deltas for play/stop, bpm, vol, sel, beat
• a coalesced 0x41 FULL for any lane‑field / add / remove / practice (trainer, ramp, segment bars, countdown) edit
• 0x41 FULL on connect and in reply to a received 0x40

Device should emit (from its on‑device input handlers):

• play/stop when button A toggles transport
• bpm=<n> when the joystick / tap changes tempo (throttle to ≤ ~10/s)
• sel=<sl>/<item> on set‑list navigation
• beat=<lane>/<step>/<level> on a touch beat edit (app.py ~573–625)
• a 0x41 FULL after any lane add/remove/reorder or multi‑field lane edit
• a periodic 0x41 FULL heartbeat (~every 3–5 s) — the device is the convergence authority (see §4)
• 0x41 FULL in reply to a received 0x40

The patch in a 0x41 is produced by the device's existing program serializer (the inverse of parse_program() in app.py). It must round‑trip through the editor's patchToSetup() — i.e. the same grammar already used for programs.json prog strings, plus a leading t<bpm> and optional vol<pct>.

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4. Echo / loop suppression and conflict policy

Two rules keep the mirror from oscillating:

1. Applying a remote change never re‑broadcasts. Wrap every apply in an "applying remote" flag (the editor uses _applyingRemote) and have all of your broadcast hooks early‑out while it is set. This is the primary guard.
2. Drop your own origin. On receive, if origin == myOrigin, ignore the frame. (Belt‑and‑suspenders; also lets the editor's ?loopback=1 self‑test work by relabeling echoes as a peer.)

Convergence: the device is authoritative. Its periodic 0x41 heartbeat is treated as ground truth, so if both sides edited the same field in the same instant, they reconcile within one heartbeat. To avoid flicker, a receiver should diff the incoming patch against its current state and skip the rebuild if they're equal (the editor does this in _applyFull), only reconciling transport.

This is single‑user‑friendly (last‑writer‑wins per field). True simultaneous multi‑editor use is out of scope for the beta.

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5. Handshake & lifecycle

editor "Live sync" ON ─► 0x40 HELLO ─────────────►  device
                       ◄──────────── 0x41 FULL ◄──  (device's current state)
editor 0x41 FULL ──────────────────────────────►   (editor's current state)
        … steady state: 0x42 deltas both ways, device 0x41 heartbeat …
editor "Live sync" OFF ─► 0x43 BYE ────────────►   device

On connect the editor sends both a 0x40 (asking for the device's state) and a 0x41 (offering its own), so whichever side the user considers "source of truth" wins immediately. A device that boots with sync idle should simply answer 0x40 with a 0x41 and start emitting deltas once it has heard from a peer.

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6. Firmware checklist (pico-cp/app.py)

• Dispatch 0x40/0x41/0x42 in the SysEx handler (~app.py:1361‑1415, alongside 0x01/0x02/0x10/0x21‑23). Ignore frames whose origin is your own.
• HELLO (0x40) → reply 0x41 FULL built from current App state (running, sl/idx, serialized program).
• FULL (0x41) → diff vs. current program; if different, load it (reuse parse_program() / the programs.json load path); then reconcile running (start/stop). Wrap in your remote‑apply flag.
• DELTA (0x42) → apply play/stop/bpm/vol/sel/beat/lane to App state, wrapped in the remote‑apply flag so the on‑device handlers don't re‑broadcast.
• Broadcast a 0x42 from each on‑device input handler (button A, joystick tempo, touch beat edit, set‑list nav, lane editor), guarded by the remote‑apply flag. Structural lane changes → 0x41 FULL.
• Heartbeat: emit 0x41 FULL every ~3–5 s while a peer is connected.
• BYE (0x43) → mark the peer gone (stop heartbeating/emitting until the next HELLO).
• Throttle high‑rate sources (joystick tempo) and keep frames small — the RP2040 USB‑MIDI RX buffer is tiny (the firmware updater already chunks at 64 bytes), and live traffic shares the bus with MIDI clock, note‑out, and the editor's Active‑Sensing heartbeat. Don't let a flood stall a concurrent firmware push.

Built‑in vs. user set lists (must match the editor)

The PM_K‑1's built‑in playlists (Styles / Practice / Song) are baked into firmware and read‑only; on‑device edits copy‑on‑write into the user "My edits" list. The editor follows the same rule (userSetlists() excludes the seeded titles). So a remote edit that targets a built‑in must follow the same copy‑on‑write semantics on the receiving side, or the two halves will disagree about where the edit landed. When in doubt, after such an edit send a 0x41 FULL with the resulting (copied) program so both sides converge on the same target.

Out of scope for the beta

• Streaming the device practice log (history.json) up to the browser.
• Mirroring device settings.json (LED brightness, MIDI config, etc.).
• Multi‑peer / multi‑editor arbitration beyond last‑writer‑wins.

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7. Per‑device emit/apply matrix

Both targets implement the full apply path for every verb. They differ in what they emit, because on‑device editing differs:

Device	Emits	Applies
PM_K‑1 Kit (touchscreen + joystick)	play / stop / bpm / sel / beat / lane (FULL on structural lane edits)	all of the above
PM_X‑1 Explorer (6 buttons, read‑only beats)	play / stop / bpm / sel only (no on‑device beat/lane editing)	all of the above

Editors don't need to special‑case the source — both DELTA streams look identical on the wire, and the device id is only exposed on the version query (SysEx 0x02 → 0x03 reply, <id>;<version>; pre‑0.0.23 firmware sends bare version → assume K).