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metronome/pico/main.py
Me Here fe56673bea PM_K-1: drop the VARASYS wordmark from the screen UI (it's on the case) 
The on-screen header showed VARASYS + the model; since the wordmark is already
silkscreened on the case/PCB, keep only the PM_K-1 KIT label on the display.
Applied to both pico/main.py (draw_static) and the kit.html web simulator.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-28 16:19:08 -05:00

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# VARASYS PolyMeter — PM_K-1 "Kit" firmware
# Raspberry Pi Pico (or Pico W / Pico 2) on the 52Pi EP-0172 "Pico Breadboard Kit Plus":
# 3.5" ST7796 320x480 capacitive-touch screen (GT911), PSP joystick, WS2812 RGB, buzzer, 2 buttons.
#
# It runs the SAME program-string language as https://metronome.varasys.io — design a groove in
# the web editor, copy its program string, paste it into PROGRAMS below, and it plays here.
#
# FLASH: 1) Hold BOOTSEL, plug in the Pico, drop the MicroPython UF2 on the RPI-RP2 drive
# (https://micropython.org/download/RPI_PICO/ ; use RPI_PICO2 for a Pico 2).
# 2) Copy THIS file to the Pico as main.py (Thonny: File > Save as > Raspberry Pi Pico).
# 3) Reset. It boots straight into the metronome.
#
# IF SOMETHING LOOKS WRONG, flip a flag in CONFIG below (colours, inversion, touch axes) — see README.md.
#
# MIT-style: do whatever you like with it. VARASYS — Simplifying Complexity.
from machine import Pin, SPI, I2C, ADC, PWM
import time, framebuf
try:
import neopixel
except ImportError:
neopixel = None
# ============================== CONFIG (tweak if needed) ==============================
SPI_BAUD = 40_000_000 # 40 MHz is a safe-fast default; the vendor demo uses 62.5 MHz
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 320, 480 # ST7796 portrait
MADCTL = 0x48 # memory access ctrl (MX | BGR) -> portrait, 320 wide x 480 tall
INVERT_COLORS = True # most ST7796 modules need display inversion ON; set False if colours look negative
SWAP_RB = False # set True if red and blue are swapped
# Touch (GT911) calibration — flip these if taps land on the wrong spot:
TOUCH_SWAP_XY = False
TOUCH_INVERT_X = False
TOUCH_INVERT_Y = False
TOUCH_DEBUG = False # True -> print raw touch coords over USB serial to calibrate
# Joystick calibration:
JOY_INVERT_X = False
JOY_INVERT_Y = False
JOY_DEADZONE = 9000 # of 0..65535 around centre
# ----- pins (fixed by the EP-0172 board) -----
PIN_SCK, PIN_MOSI, PIN_CS, PIN_DC, PIN_RST = 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
PIN_SDA, PIN_SCL = 8, 9
PIN_RGB = 12
PIN_BUZZER = 13
PIN_BTN_A = 15 # play / stop
PIN_BTN_B = 14 # tap tempo
PIN_JOY_X = 26 # ADC0
PIN_JOY_Y = 27 # ADC1
# ----- the grooves on the device (paste program strings from the web editor) -----
PROGRAMS = [
("Four on the floor", "v1;t120;kick:4;snare:4=.X.X;hat:4/2"),
("Son clave 3-2", "v1;t100;clap:4=X..X..X.;kick:4"),
("7/8 + 4 polymeter", "v1;t132;kick:7/2;hat:4/2~;snare:4=..X."),
("Shuffle", "v1;t96;kick:4;snare:4=.X.X;hat:4/3"),
("Straight click", "v1;t120;beep:4"),
]
# ============================== COLOURS ==============================
def rgb565(r, g, b):
if SWAP_RB: r, b = b, r
v = ((b & 0xF8) << 8) | ((g & 0xFC) << 3) | (r >> 3) # packed BGR for the BGR panel
return bytes((v >> 8, v & 0xFF)) # MSB-first for ST7796
C_BG = rgb565(6, 9, 14)
C_PANEL = rgb565(18, 22, 30)
C_TXT = rgb565(199, 208, 219)
C_MUTE = rgb565(110, 122, 138)
C_CYAN = rgb565(10, 179, 247) # VARASYS brand cyan / normal beat
C_AMBER = rgb565(255, 155, 46) # accent
C_VIOLET = rgb565(150, 100, 255) # ghost
C_GREEN = rgb565(47, 224, 122) # running
C_DIMDOT = rgb565(36, 50, 64)
C_BTN = rgb565(28, 34, 44)
C_BTNHI = rgb565(40, 52, 66)
LEVEL_COL = {2: C_AMBER, 1: C_CYAN, 3: C_VIOLET, 0: C_DIMDOT}
LEVEL_RGB = {2: (255, 110, 0), 1: (0, 150, 255), 3: (130, 70, 255)} # WS2812 (logical r,g,b)
# ============================== ST7796 DISPLAY ==============================
class ST7796:
def __init__(self):
self.spi = SPI(0, baudrate=SPI_BAUD, polarity=0, phase=0,
sck=Pin(PIN_SCK), mosi=Pin(PIN_MOSI))
self.cs = Pin(PIN_CS, Pin.OUT, value=1)
self.dc = Pin(PIN_DC, Pin.OUT, value=0)
self.rst = Pin(PIN_RST, Pin.OUT, value=1)
self._chunk = bytearray(1024) # scratch for fills (512 px)
self.reset(); self.init()
def _cmd(self, c, data=None):
self.cs(0); self.dc(0); self.spi.write(bytes((c,)))
if data is not None:
self.dc(1); self.spi.write(bytes(data))
self.cs(1)
def reset(self):
self.rst(1); time.sleep_ms(20); self.rst(0); time.sleep_ms(40); self.rst(1); time.sleep_ms(150)
def init(self):
c = self._cmd
c(0x01); time.sleep_ms(120) # software reset
c(0x11); time.sleep_ms(120) # sleep out
c(0xF0, b'\xC3'); c(0xF0, b'\x96') # command set control (unlock)
c(0x36, bytes((MADCTL,)))
c(0x3A, b'\x55') # 16 bits/pixel (RGB565)
c(0xB4, b'\x01') # 1-dot inversion
c(0xB6, b'\x80\x02\x3B') # display function control
c(0xE8, b'\x40\x8A\x00\x00\x29\x19\xA5\x33')
c(0xC1, b'\x06') # power control 2
c(0xC2, b'\xA7') # power control 3
c(0xC5, b'\x18'); time.sleep_ms(120) # VCOM
c(0xE0, b'\xF0\x09\x0B\x06\x04\x15\x2F\x54\x42\x3C\x17\x14\x18\x1B') # +gamma
c(0xE1, b'\xE0\x09\x0B\x06\x04\x03\x2B\x43\x42\x3B\x16\x14\x17\x1B') # -gamma
c(0xF0, b'\x3C'); c(0xF0, b'\x69'); time.sleep_ms(120) # lock command set
c(0x21 if INVERT_COLORS else 0x20) # inversion on/off
c(0x29) # display on
time.sleep_ms(50)
def _window(self, x, y, w, h):
x1, y1 = x + w - 1, y + h - 1
self._cmd(0x2A, bytes((x >> 8, x & 0xFF, x1 >> 8, x1 & 0xFF)))
self._cmd(0x2B, bytes((y >> 8, y & 0xFF, y1 >> 8, y1 & 0xFF)))
self.cs(0); self.dc(0); self.spi.write(bytes((0x2C,))); self.dc(1) # leaves us mid-RAMWR
def fill_rect(self, x, y, w, h, color):
if w <= 0 or h <= 0: return
self._window(x, y, w, h)
ch = self._chunk; px = len(ch) // 2
for i in range(px): ch[i*2] = color[0]; ch[i*2+1] = color[1]
n = w * h
while n > 0:
k = px if n >= px else n
self.spi.write(ch if k == px else ch[:k*2]); n -= k
self.cs(1)
def fill(self, color): self.fill_rect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, color)
# text via the built-in 8x8 mono font, expanded to colour and integer-scaled
def text(self, s, x, y, fg, bg, scale=2):
if not s: return
w8 = len(s) * 8
stride = w8 // 8
mbuf = bytearray(stride * 8)
mfb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(mbuf, w8, 8, framebuf.MONO_HLSB)
mfb.fill(0); mfb.text(s, 0, 0, 1)
dw = w8 * scale
row = bytearray(dw * 2)
self._window(x, y, dw, 8 * scale)
for r in range(8):
base = r * stride
di = 0
for col in range(w8):
bit = (mbuf[base + (col >> 3)] >> (7 - (col & 7))) & 1
cpx = fg if bit else bg
for _ in range(scale):
row[di] = cpx[0]; row[di+1] = cpx[1]; di += 2
for _ in range(scale): self.spi.write(row)
self.cs(1)
def text_w(self, s, scale=2): return len(s) * 8 * scale
# seven-segment digit renderer (for the big BPM) — no font, just rectangles
_SEG = { # a,b,c,d,e,f,g
'0': 0b1111110, '1': 0b0110000, '2': 0b1101101, '3': 0b1111001,
'4': 0b0110011, '5': 0b1011011, '6': 0b1011111, '7': 0b1110000,
'8': 0b1111111, '9': 0b1111011, ' ': 0b0000000, '-': 0b0000001,
}
def draw_digit(d, ch, x, y, W, H, T, on, off):
seg = _SEG.get(ch, 0); v = (H - 3 * T) // 2
rects = [
(x + T, y, W - 2*T, T, 6), # a top
(x + W - T, y + T, T, v, 5), # b top-right
(x + W - T, y + 2*T + v, T, v, 4), # c bottom-right
(x + T, y + H - T, W - 2*T, T, 3), # d bottom
(x, y + 2*T + v, T, v, 2), # e bottom-left
(x, y + T, T, v, 1), # f top-left
(x + T, y + T + v, W - 2*T, T, 0), # g middle
]
for rx, ry, rw, rh, bitpos in rects:
d.fill_rect(rx, ry, rw, rh, on if (seg >> bitpos) & 1 else off)
# ============================== GT911 TOUCH ==============================
class GT911:
def __init__(self, i2c):
self.i2c = i2c; self.addr = None
found = i2c.scan()
for a in (0x5D, 0x14):
if a in found: self.addr = a; break
if self.addr is None and found: self.addr = found[0]
def read(self):
if self.addr is None: return None
try: # GT911 uses 16-bit register addresses
st = self.i2c.readfrom_mem(self.addr, 0x814E, 1, addrsize=16)[0]
except OSError:
return None
if not (st & 0x80):
return None
n = st & 0x0F
pt = None
if n >= 1:
b = self.i2c.readfrom_mem(self.addr, 0x8150, 4, addrsize=16)
tx = b[0] | (b[1] << 8); ty = b[2] | (b[3] << 8)
pt = self._map(tx, ty)
try: self.i2c.writeto_mem(self.addr, 0x814E, b'\x00', addrsize=16) # clear ready flag
except OSError: pass
return pt
def _map(self, tx, ty):
if TOUCH_DEBUG: print("touch raw", tx, ty)
if TOUCH_SWAP_XY: tx, ty = ty, tx
if TOUCH_INVERT_X: tx = WIDTH - 1 - tx
if TOUCH_INVERT_Y: ty = HEIGHT - 1 - ty
if 0 <= tx < WIDTH and 0 <= ty < HEIGHT: return (tx, ty)
return None
# ============================== POLYMETER ENGINE ==============================
# program string: v1;t<bpm>;[vol];[cd];[b];<lane>;<lane>;...
# lane = <sound>:<grouping>[/<sub>[s]][=pattern][@db][~][!]
# pattern chars: X=accent(2) x=normal(1) g=ghost(3) . - _ =mute(0)
PAT = {'X': 2, 'x': 1, 'g': 3, '.': 0, '-': 0, '_': 0}
PRIO = {2: 3, 1: 2, 3: 1} # click priority when lanes coincide: accent > normal > ghost
def parse_program(s):
bpm = 120; lanes = []
for tok in s.strip().split(';'):
tok = tok.strip()
if not tok: continue
if tok[0] == 't' and tok[1:].isdigit():
bpm = int(tok[1:]); continue
if ':' not in tok: # skip v1, vol, cd, b and other globals we don't need on-device
continue
lane = _parse_lane(tok)
if lane: lanes.append(lane)
if not lanes: lanes = [_parse_lane("beep:4")]
return max(30, min(300, bpm)), lanes
def _parse_lane(tok):
poly = '~' in tok
mute = '!' in tok
tok = tok.replace('~', '').replace('!', '')
db = 0
if '@' in tok:
tok, _, rest = tok.partition('@')
try: db = int(rest)
except: db = 0
sound, _, rest = tok.partition(':')
pattern = None
if '=' in rest:
rest, _, pattern = rest.partition('=')
sub = 1
if '/' in rest:
rest, _, sd = rest.partition('/')
sd = sd.rstrip('s') # ignore swing flag on-device
sub = int(sd) if sd.isdigit() else 1
# grouping: "4" or "3+3+2"
groups = [int(g) for g in rest.split('+') if g.isdigit()] or [4]
beats = sum(groups)
starts = set(); acc = 0
for g in groups: starts.add(acc); acc += g
steps = beats * sub
if pattern:
levels = [PAT.get(c, 0) for c in pattern]
if len(levels) < steps: levels += [0] * (steps - len(levels))
steps = len(levels)
else:
levels = []
for i in range(steps):
if i % sub == 0:
levels.append(2 if (i // sub) in starts else 1)
else:
levels.append(0)
return {'sound': sound, 'sub': sub, 'steps': steps, 'levels': levels,
'poly': poly, 'mute': mute, 'db': db}
# ============================== APP ==============================
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.d = ST7796()
self.i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(PIN_SDA), scl=Pin(PIN_SCL), freq=100_000)
self.touch = GT911(self.i2c)
self.np = neopixel.NeoPixel(Pin(PIN_RGB), 1) if neopixel else None
self.buz = PWM(Pin(PIN_BUZZER)); self.buz.duty_u16(0)
self.buz_off = 0
self.btnA = Pin(PIN_BTN_A, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
self.btnB = Pin(PIN_BTN_B, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
self._aPrev = 1; self._bPrev = 1
self.jx = ADC(PIN_JOY_X); self.jy = ADC(PIN_JOY_Y)
self._joyNext = 0
self._touchLock = 0; self._unpressAt = 0; self._pending = None
self.running = False
self.bpm = 120
self.idx = 0
self.lanes = []
self.rgb = (0, 0, 0)
self.buttons = [] # touch hit zones: (x,y,w,h,key)
self.load(0)
self.draw_static()
self.draw_bpm(force=True)
self.draw_status()
self.draw_dots(force=True)
# ---------- program ----------
def load(self, i):
n = len(PROGRAMS); self.idx = i % n
name, prog = PROGRAMS[self.idx]
self.name = name
self.bpm, self.lanes = parse_program(prog)
self.master = self.lanes[0]
self.beat = -1
self._reset_clock()
def _reset_clock(self):
now = time.ticks_us()
for L in self.lanes:
L['next'] = now
L['step'] = -1
L['stepdur'] = int(60_000_000 / self.bpm / L['sub'])
# ---------- audio + light ----------
def click(self, level):
f = {2: 2300, 1: 1600, 3: 1050}.get(level, 1600)
duty = {2: 42000, 1: 30000, 3: 14000}.get(level, 30000)
self.buz.freq(f); self.buz.duty_u16(duty)
self.buz_off = time.ticks_add(time.ticks_us(), 22000) # 22 ms
def flash(self, level):
self.rgb = LEVEL_RGB.get(level, (0, 150, 255))
if self.np: self.np[0] = self.rgb; self.np.write()
# ---------- transport ----------
def toggle(self):
self.running = not self.running
if self.running: self._reset_clock(); self.beat = -1
else:
self.buz.duty_u16(0)
if self.np: self.np[0] = (0, 0, 0); self.np.write()
self.draw_status(); self.draw_dots(force=True)
def set_bpm(self, v):
v = max(30, min(300, v))
if v != self.bpm:
self.bpm = v
for L in self.lanes: L['stepdur'] = int(60_000_000 / self.bpm / L['sub'])
self.draw_bpm()
def goto(self, i):
was = self.running; self.load(i)
self.draw_bpm(force=True); self.draw_status(); self.draw_dots(force=True)
if was: self.running = True; self._reset_clock(); self.beat = -1
def tap(self):
now = time.ticks_ms()
if not hasattr(self, '_taps'): self._taps = []
self._taps = [t for t in self._taps if time.ticks_diff(now, t) < 2400]
self._taps.append(now)
if len(self._taps) >= 2:
span = time.ticks_diff(self._taps[-1], self._taps[0]) / (len(self._taps) - 1)
if span > 0: self.set_bpm(round(60000 / span))
# ---------- scheduler (call often) ----------
def tick(self):
now = time.ticks_us()
if self.buz_off and time.ticks_diff(now, self.buz_off) >= 0:
self.buz.duty_u16(0); self.buz_off = 0
if self.running:
fired = []; beat_hit = False
for L in self.lanes:
while time.ticks_diff(now, L['next']) >= 0:
L['step'] = (L['step'] + 1) % L['steps']
lvl = 0 if L['mute'] else L['levels'][L['step']]
if lvl > 0: fired.append(lvl)
if L is self.master and L['step'] % L['sub'] == 0:
beat_hit = True
L['next'] = time.ticks_add(L['next'], L['stepdur'])
if fired:
best = max(fired, key=lambda l: PRIO.get(l, 0)) # accent > normal > ghost
self.click(best); self.flash(best)
if beat_hit:
self.beat = (self.master['step'] // self.master['sub'])
self.draw_dots()
# fade the RGB between beats
if self.rgb != (0, 0, 0):
r, g, b = self.rgb; r = r*7//10; g = g*7//10; b = b*7//10
self.rgb = (r, g, b) if (r + g + b) > 12 else (0, 0, 0)
if self.np: self.np[0] = self.rgb; self.np.write()
# ---------- inputs ----------
def poll(self):
a = self.btnA.value()
if a == 0 and self._aPrev == 1: self.toggle()
self._aPrev = a
b = self.btnB.value()
if b == 0 and self._bPrev == 1: self.tap()
self._bPrev = b
# joystick: up/down = tempo, left/right = prev/next item (with repeat)
now = time.ticks_ms()
if time.ticks_diff(now, self._joyNext) >= 0:
x = self.jx.read_u16() - 32768; y = self.jy.read_u16() - 32768
if JOY_INVERT_X: x = -x
if JOY_INVERT_Y: y = -y
acted = False
if abs(y) > JOY_DEADZONE:
self.set_bpm(self.bpm + (1 if y > 0 else -1) * (5 if abs(y) > 26000 else 1)); acted = True
elif abs(x) > JOY_DEADZONE:
self.goto(self.idx + (1 if x > 0 else -1)); acted = True
self._joyNext = time.ticks_add(now, 350); return
self._joyNext = time.ticks_add(now, 70 if acted else 20)
# touch — non-blocking: redraw a pressed button after its hold, debounce repeats
if self._unpressAt and time.ticks_diff(now, self._unpressAt) >= 0:
x, y, w, h, key = self._pending; self._draw_button(x, y, w, h, key)
self._unpressAt = 0
if time.ticks_diff(now, self._touchLock) >= 0:
pt = self.touch.read()
if pt: self.hit(pt[0], pt[1])
def hit(self, x, y):
for bx, by, bw, bh, key in self.buttons:
if bx <= x <= bx+bw and by <= y <= by+bh:
self.d.fill_rect(bx, by, bw, bh, C_BTNHI) # pressed flash
if key == 'play': self.toggle()
elif key == 'prev': self.goto(self.idx - 1)
elif key == 'next': self.goto(self.idx + 1)
elif key == 'minus': self.set_bpm(self.bpm - 1)
elif key == 'plus': self.set_bpm(self.bpm + 1)
elif key == 'tap': self.tap()
self._pending = (bx, by, bw, bh, key)
self._unpressAt = time.ticks_add(time.ticks_ms(), 120)
self._touchLock = time.ticks_add(time.ticks_ms(), 280) # ignore held finger
return
# ---------- drawing ----------
def draw_static(self):
d = self.d; d.fill(C_BG)
d.text("PM_K-1 KIT", 12, 12, C_CYAN, C_BG, 2) # VARASYS logo is on the case, not the screen
d.fill_rect(0, 34, WIDTH, 2, C_PANEL)
d.text("BPM", 12, 196, C_MUTE, C_BG, 2)
# build + paint the touch buttons
self.buttons = []
row1 = 300; bw = 96; bh = 54; gap = (WIDTH - 3*bw) // 4
xs = [gap, gap*2 + bw, gap*3 + bw*2]
for x, key in zip(xs, ('prev', 'play', 'next')):
self.buttons.append((x, row1, bw, bh, key)); self._draw_button(x, row1, bw, bh, key)
row2 = row1 + bh + 16
for x, key in zip(xs, ('minus', 'tap', 'plus')):
self.buttons.append((x, row2, bw, bh, key)); self._draw_button(x, row2, bw, bh, key)
d.text("joystick: tempo / item button A: play B: tap", 12, HEIGHT - 20, C_MUTE, C_BG, 1)
def _draw_button(self, x, y, w, h, key):
d = self.d; d.fill_rect(x, y, w, h, C_BTN)
d.fill_rect(x, y, w, 2, C_PANEL); d.fill_rect(x, y+h-2, w, 2, C_PANEL)
label = {'prev':'<<','play':'>||','next':'>>','minus':'-','plus':'+','tap':'TAP'}[key]
col = C_GREEN if key == 'play' else C_TXT
sc = 3 if key in ('minus','plus') else 2
tw = d.text_w(label, sc)
d.text(label, x + (w - tw)//2, y + (h - 8*sc)//2, col, C_BTN, sc)
def draw_bpm(self, force=False):
d = self.d
s = "%3d" % self.bpm
W = 64; H = 96; T = 12; gap = 12; x0 = WIDTH - 12 - (3*W + 2*gap); y0 = 92
for i, ch in enumerate(s):
draw_digit(d, ch, x0 + i*(W+gap), y0, W, H, T, C_TXT, C_BG)
def draw_status(self):
d = self.d
d.fill_rect(0, 240, WIDTH, 40, C_BG)
st = ">RUN" if self.running else "=STOP"
d.text(st, 12, 244, C_GREEN if self.running else C_MUTE, C_BG, 2)
nm = self.name[:18]
d.text(nm, WIDTH - d.text_w(nm, 2) - 12, 244, C_TXT, C_BG, 2)
d.text("%d/%d" % (self.idx+1, len(PROGRAMS)), 12, 266, C_MUTE, C_BG, 1)
def draw_dots(self, force=False):
d = self.d; m = self.master
bpb = max(1, m['steps'] // m['sub'])
yy = 200; sz = 18; sp = 26
x0 = max(12, WIDTH - 12 - bpb * sp)
d.fill_rect(0, yy, WIDTH, sz, C_BG) # clear the dot row
for i in range(bpb):
lvl = m['levels'][(i*m['sub']) % m['steps']] # accent (2) shows amber when lit
on = self.running and i == self.beat
col = (C_AMBER if lvl == 2 else C_CYAN) if on else C_DIMDOT
d.fill_rect(x0 + i*sp, yy, sz, sz, col)
def run(self):
if self.touch.addr is None:
self.d.text("touch: not found", 12, HEIGHT - 40, C_AMBER, C_BG, 1)
while True:
self.tick()
self.poll()
time.sleep_us(200)
# ============================== GO ==============================
App().run()
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