PM_K-1 hardware: core-board design-of-record + KiCad scaffold

Heirloom pro-audio modular brain/face design captured under hardware/:
- DESIGN.md: full spec (RP2350, ±15V studio rails via TPS65131+TPS7A LDOs,
  PCM5102A click, THAT1240/1646 balanced click-injector with switchable
  protected line/instrument input, fail-safe mute relay, series ground-lift,
  USB-MIDI default + DNP hardware MIDI, sig/clip detect, ESD/EMI, chassis),
  plus the two-interconnect pinouts (Pico-compatible digital ribbon + separate
  analog/MIDI).
- BOM.csv: manufacturer part numbers + rough costs.
- kicad/: valid KiCad 7 project + documented schematic canvas. PCB
  layout/routing remains the interactive step.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Me Here 2026-05-30 11:42:45 -05:00
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Ref,Block,Part,Manufacturer,MPN,Qty,Approx_USD_ea,Notes
U1,MCU,RP2350A microcontroller,Raspberry Pi,RP2350A,1,1.10,QFN-60; mind E9 input-latch erratum (external pulldowns)
U2,MCU,16MB QSPI flash,Winbond,W25Q128JVSIQ,1,1.20,genuine part; firmware wear-levels history.json
Y1,MCU,12MHz crystal,Abracon,ABM8-272-12.000MHZ,1,0.30,+/-30ppm
U3,Power,3V3 IO LDO,Diodes Inc,AP2112K-3.3TRG1,1,0.25,digital domain
L1,Power,RP2350 core SMPS inductor,TDK,VLS3012,1,0.15,per RP2350 reference
U4,Power,Dual boost/inverter +/-18V,Texas Instruments,TPS65131RGER,1,2.50,raw +/-18V from 5V; guarded corner
U5,Power,Ultra-low-noise +15V LDO,Texas Instruments,TPS7A4901DGNR,1,1.80,post-regulates +18 to clean +15
U6,Power,Ultra-low-noise -15V LDO,Texas Instruments,TPS7A3001DGNR,1,1.90,post-regulates -18 to clean -15
J1,Power/USB,USB-C receptacle (TH-anchored),GCT,USB4085-GF-A,1,0.60,through-hole anchor tabs for strain
U7,Power/USB,USB ESD protection array,STMicroelectronics,USBLC6-2SC6,1,0.30,D+/D-/CC/VBUS
FL1,Power/USB,USB common-mode choke,Wurth,744232090,1,0.35,data-pair EMI
U8,Click,I2S audio DAC,Texas Instruments,PCM5102APWR,1,2.20,Burr-Brown; reliability-first
X1,Click,Low-jitter audio oscillator,Abracon,ASEM1-24.576MHZ-LR-T,1,1.40,dedicated MCLK; not PIO-jittered
U9,Audio-in,Balanced line receiver,THAT Corp,THAT1240W16-U,1,3.20,laser-trimmed; high CMRR
U10,Audio-in,JFET Hi-Z instrument buffer,Texas Instruments,OPA1641AID,1,1.60,>=1Mohm DI buffer + gain
U11,Audio-mix,Dual audio op-amp (sum/filter),Texas Instruments,OPA1612AIDR,1,2.40,signal-path low noise
U12,Audio-out,Balanced line driver,THAT Corp,THAT1646W16-U,1,3.30,near-zero source; 47ohm build-out per leg
RV1,Audio-out,Output level cal trimmer 25-turn,Bourns,3296W-1-103LF,1,0.70,factory-set DAC FS -> +4dBu
U13,Indicator,Dual comparator (sig/clip),Texas Instruments,LM393DR,1,0.15,peak-detect -> RP2350 GPIO + LED lines
K1,Audio-in,Signal relay line/inst (DPDT gold),Panasonic,TQ2SA-5V,1,1.30,sealed gold bifurcated contacts
K2,Audio-out,Mute relay (fail-safe DPDT gold),Panasonic,TQ2SA-5V,1,1.30,de-energized=muted
K3,Audio-out,Ground-lift relay (gold),Panasonic,TQ2SA-5V,1,1.30,series with face panel switch; soft-lift 100R||10nF
U14,Control,Relay driver array,Texas Instruments,ULN2003ADR,1,0.20,drives K1-K3 with flyback
U15,RTC,Real-time clock (integrated xtal),Micro Crystal,RV-8803-C7,1,1.50,I2C on touch bus; drift irrelevant
BT1,RTC,CR2032 holder (socketed),Keystone,1066,1,0.30,user-replaceable
U16,MIDI(DNP),Opto-isolator MIDI IN,Vishay,H11L1M,1,0.55,DNP populate-option
U17,MIDI(DNP),Hex Schmitt buffer MIDI OUT/THRU,Nexperia,74LVC14APW,1,0.20,DNP populate-option
U18,Speaker(DNP),Class-D mono amp,Diodes Inc,PAM8302AASCR,1,0.35,DNP monitor option per face
J2,Interconnect,Digital ribbon header 2x13 shrouded keyed,Wurth,61303421821,1,0.45,Pico-pinout-compatible
J3,Interconnect,Analog audio header 2x5 shrouded keyed,Wurth,61301021821,1,0.35,twisted/shielded; away from digital
J4,Interconnect,MIDI header 1x6,Wurth,61300611121,1,0.20,used only if DNP MIDI populated
J5,Debug,SWD Cortex-Debug 2x5 1.27mm,Samtec,FTSH-105-01-L-DV-K,1,0.50,service header
D-arr,ESD,Interconnect ESD clamp arrays,Texas Instruments,TPD2E2U06DCKR,3,0.10,on user-touchable lines
PASS,Passives,Film caps / 0.1% thin-film R / clamp diodes / ferrites,various,various,1,4.00,WIMA film signal caps; Panasonic ERA 0.1%; no electrolytics in signal path
PCB,Fabrication,4-layer PCB ENIG finish,JLCPCB/PCBWay,custom,1,3.00,gold finish; qty-dependent
1 Ref Block Part Manufacturer MPN Qty Approx_USD_ea Notes
2 U1 MCU RP2350A microcontroller Raspberry Pi RP2350A 1 1.10 QFN-60; mind E9 input-latch erratum (external pulldowns)
3 U2 MCU 16MB QSPI flash Winbond W25Q128JVSIQ 1 1.20 genuine part; firmware wear-levels history.json
4 Y1 MCU 12MHz crystal Abracon ABM8-272-12.000MHZ 1 0.30 +/-30ppm
5 U3 Power 3V3 IO LDO Diodes Inc AP2112K-3.3TRG1 1 0.25 digital domain
6 L1 Power RP2350 core SMPS inductor TDK VLS3012 1 0.15 per RP2350 reference
7 U4 Power Dual boost/inverter +/-18V Texas Instruments TPS65131RGER 1 2.50 raw +/-18V from 5V; guarded corner
8 U5 Power Ultra-low-noise +15V LDO Texas Instruments TPS7A4901DGNR 1 1.80 post-regulates +18 to clean +15
9 U6 Power Ultra-low-noise -15V LDO Texas Instruments TPS7A3001DGNR 1 1.90 post-regulates -18 to clean -15
10 J1 Power/USB USB-C receptacle (TH-anchored) GCT USB4085-GF-A 1 0.60 through-hole anchor tabs for strain
11 U7 Power/USB USB ESD protection array STMicroelectronics USBLC6-2SC6 1 0.30 D+/D-/CC/VBUS
12 FL1 Power/USB USB common-mode choke Wurth 744232090 1 0.35 data-pair EMI
13 U8 Click I2S audio DAC Texas Instruments PCM5102APWR 1 2.20 Burr-Brown; reliability-first
14 X1 Click Low-jitter audio oscillator Abracon ASEM1-24.576MHZ-LR-T 1 1.40 dedicated MCLK; not PIO-jittered
15 U9 Audio-in Balanced line receiver THAT Corp THAT1240W16-U 1 3.20 laser-trimmed; high CMRR
16 U10 Audio-in JFET Hi-Z instrument buffer Texas Instruments OPA1641AID 1 1.60 >=1Mohm DI buffer + gain
17 U11 Audio-mix Dual audio op-amp (sum/filter) Texas Instruments OPA1612AIDR 1 2.40 signal-path low noise
18 U12 Audio-out Balanced line driver THAT Corp THAT1646W16-U 1 3.30 near-zero source; 47ohm build-out per leg
19 RV1 Audio-out Output level cal trimmer 25-turn Bourns 3296W-1-103LF 1 0.70 factory-set DAC FS -> +4dBu
20 U13 Indicator Dual comparator (sig/clip) Texas Instruments LM393DR 1 0.15 peak-detect -> RP2350 GPIO + LED lines
21 K1 Audio-in Signal relay line/inst (DPDT gold) Panasonic TQ2SA-5V 1 1.30 sealed gold bifurcated contacts
22 K2 Audio-out Mute relay (fail-safe DPDT gold) Panasonic TQ2SA-5V 1 1.30 de-energized=muted
23 K3 Audio-out Ground-lift relay (gold) Panasonic TQ2SA-5V 1 1.30 series with face panel switch; soft-lift 100R||10nF
24 U14 Control Relay driver array Texas Instruments ULN2003ADR 1 0.20 drives K1-K3 with flyback
25 U15 RTC Real-time clock (integrated xtal) Micro Crystal RV-8803-C7 1 1.50 I2C on touch bus; drift irrelevant
26 BT1 RTC CR2032 holder (socketed) Keystone 1066 1 0.30 user-replaceable
27 U16 MIDI(DNP) Opto-isolator MIDI IN Vishay H11L1M 1 0.55 DNP populate-option
28 U17 MIDI(DNP) Hex Schmitt buffer MIDI OUT/THRU Nexperia 74LVC14APW 1 0.20 DNP populate-option
29 U18 Speaker(DNP) Class-D mono amp Diodes Inc PAM8302AASCR 1 0.35 DNP monitor option per face
30 J2 Interconnect Digital ribbon header 2x13 shrouded keyed Wurth 61303421821 1 0.45 Pico-pinout-compatible
31 J3 Interconnect Analog audio header 2x5 shrouded keyed Wurth 61301021821 1 0.35 twisted/shielded; away from digital
32 J4 Interconnect MIDI header 1x6 Wurth 61300611121 1 0.20 used only if DNP MIDI populated
33 J5 Debug SWD Cortex-Debug 2x5 1.27mm Samtec FTSH-105-01-L-DV-K 1 0.50 service header
34 D-arr ESD Interconnect ESD clamp arrays Texas Instruments TPD2E2U06DCKR 3 0.10 on user-touchable lines
35 PASS Passives Film caps / 0.1% thin-film R / clamp diodes / ferrites various various 1 4.00 WIMA film signal caps; Panasonic ERA 0.1%; no electrolytics in signal path
36 PCB Fabrication 4-layer PCB ENIG finish JLCPCB/PCBWay custom 1 3.00 gold finish; qty-dependent

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# PM_K-1 Core Board ("brain") — design-of-record
VARASYS PolyMeter · heirloom pro-audio · modular brain/face architecture
Status: **design-of-record / pre-layout.** Component selection complete; PCB routing is the
remaining interactive step (see [Open items](#open-items)).
---
## 1. Philosophy
This is meant to be a device people hand down to their great-grandkids. The core board carries
**all the active electronics** and is specced to pro/audiophile tier with longevity and
serviceability as first-class goals. We do **not** value-engineer the audio path.
The user selects the face/enclosure/connector components; this document specs only the **core**.
## 2. Architecture — modular brain/face
- **Core ("brain"):** RP2350 + power + RTC + the full pro-audio analog chain + control logic.
One core design is reused across every form factor.
- **Face ("form factor"):** display, touch, joystick, buttons, LED, speaker, the physical
audio/MIDI connectors, panel switches, enclosure. **The core never decides connector type.**
- **Two interconnects, deliberately separate** (§7):
1. a **digital ribbon** whose pinout mirrors the Raspberry Pi Pico, so a stock Pico/Pico 2 on a
test adapter can drive any face board for bring-up;
2. an **analog interconnect** (+ a small MIDI interconnect) kept physically away from the fast
digital ribbon, because a balanced audio signal must never run parallel to the 24 MHz display SPI.
## 3. Block diagram
```
USB-C 5V ─┬─► 3V3 LDO ──────────────────────► RP2350 (core reg + ext L) + W25Q128 16MB + RV-8803 RTC(+CR2032)
│ │ I²S + low-jitter MCLK
└─► TPS65131 ±18V ─► TPS7A49/30 LDO ─► clean ±15V ▼
PCM5102A DAC ──► [summing: click + input]
bal IN ─[ESD/DC-block/clamp/series-R]─► [LINE/INST relay] ─┬─ THAT1240 receiver ──┘
(analog interconnect) └─ OPA1641 Hi-Z DI buffer (+gain)
THAT1646 balanced driver ─[47Ω build-out]─► [MUTE relay]─► bal OUT
shield ─[panel SW]─[GND-LIFT relay]─ gnd
sig/clip peak detect ─► LM393 ─► RP2350 GPIO (UI) + LED lines (interconnect)
RP2350 UART ─► [DNP: H11L1 opto IN + 74LVC14 buffer OUT] ─► MIDI interconnect (USB-MIDI = default)
```
## 4. Functional blocks
### 4.1 MCU + digital
- **RP2350A** (QFN-60, 30 GPIO). Chosen over RP2040 as the newest in-house part: dual M33+RISC-V,
520 KB RAM, secure boot, longest production runway. Firmware runs unchanged.
- **Erratum E9:** high-impedance inputs can latch — every input we read (face switches, buttons)
gets an **external pulldown**, never relies on the internal pad alone.
- Core supply via the RP2350 on-chip switched-mode regulator (external inductor); 3V3 IO from an
external LDO (AP2112K-3.3 / TLV75533).
- **Flash:** Winbond **W25Q128JV** (16 MB) — genuine part; the CircuitPython appliance bundles the
editor + tracks on a USB drive. Firmware does wear-leveling for `history.json`.
- **Crystal:** 12 MHz ±30 ppm.
- **Debug/service:** SWD 2×5 Cortex-Debug header + labeled test points (rails, I²S, audio nodes).
### 4.2 Click source (DAC)
- **TI/Burr-Brown PCM5102A** I²S DAC — reliability-first, widely stocked for future repair.
- Fed by a **dedicated low-jitter audio oscillator** (22.5792/24.576 MHz MEMS XO), **not** an MCLK
jittered out of the RP2350 PIO — jitter is audible as a raised noise floor.
### 4.3 Analog audio chain (the heart)
- **Input (balanced, switchable line/instrument):**
- **Line mode:** THAT1240 laser-trimmed balanced receiver (~high CMRR, no hand-matched resistors).
- **Instrument mode:** OPA1641 JFET Hi-Z buffer (≥1 MΩ) + ~+1015 dB gain (active DI).
- Selected by a **gold-contact signal relay** on the core (1 GPIO; touchscreen toggle, optional
face panel switch on a separate GPIO input).
- **Protection (non-negotiable):** series DC-blocking film cap (blocks +48 V phantom — the real
input-killer), clamp diodes/TVS to the rails, series current-limit resistor. A wrong-mode plug
then only *sounds* wrong; nothing is damaged.
- **Mix:** digital/firmware (touchscreen). Analog stage at unity; click level set via the DAC.
- **Output driver:** THAT1646 balanced line driver, **47 Ω build-out per leg** for
cable-capacitance stability and short-circuit tolerance (§5.1).
- **No electrolytics in the signal path** — film coupling caps (WIMA). 0.1 % thin-film resistors.
### 4.4 Output protection / conditioning
- **Power-up/down mute relay** — fail-safe, **de-energized = muted** (shorts hot+cold to gnd). A
hardware rail supervisor + RC turn-on delay un-mutes only after ±15 V settles; on power loss the
coil drops and mutes *faster than the rails can thump*. **Not MCU-dependent.** The MCU can *also*
assert mute (for clean line/inst flips and DAC reconfig).
- **Ground-lift** — both a **face panel switch** and a **core GPIO relay**, wired in **series** in
the shield-ground path: bonded only when both closed, either opening lifts it. **Soft lift =
100 Ω ∥ 10 nF** (not a hard open) so RF/safety keeps a path.
### 4.5 RTC
- **Micro Crystal RV-8803** (integrated 32.768 kHz crystal → no second crystal near the RP2350's
own) + **CR2032 in a socketed holder**. Shares the touch I²C bus (no extra GPIO). Drift is
irrelevant for a practice-log timestamp; reliability and zero-fuss layout win.
### 4.6 MIDI (default USB, hardware optional)
- **USB-MIDI is the default** and already in firmware — IN/OUT/THRU are software routing to a
computer/tablet host. Zero extra parts.
- **Dedicated DIN/TRS MIDI is a DNP populate-option:** the RP2350 UART lines route to the MIDI
interconnect with **H11L1 opto IN + 74LVC14 buffered OUT/THRU footprints left unpopulated**.
A "stage" face can populate them for laptop-free hardware sync. (USB-MIDI can't peer-to-peer with
standalone DIN gear — the device is a USB *peripheral*, not a host — which is why the hardware
option stays available.) Analog pulse/clock sync: **not included** (MIDI only).
### 4.7 Monitor speaker
- **DNP-optional** class-D amp (PAM8302) footprint on the core; speaker +/- routed on the analog
interconnect. Populated only for form factors that want a built-in monitor.
## 5. The five remaining pro details (decided)
### 5.1 Output impedance & level calibration
- THAT1646 source impedance is near-zero; **47 Ω build-out resistors** per leg give stable driving
into long/capacitive cables and survive a shorted output.
- **Level calibration:** a 25-turn precision trimmer (Bourns 3296W) in the driver gain network,
factory-set so DAC full-scale → **+4 dBu nominal**, leaving ~**+24 dBu** peak headroom on ±15 V.
Set-and-forget on the core; not a face control.
### 5.2 Signal / clip indication
- A peak detector (Schottky + hold cap) on the input (signal-present, ~40 dBu) and on the
driver-input/summing node (clip, within ~3 dB of rail) feeds an **LM393** dual comparator.
- Comparator outputs go to **RP2350 GPIOs** (clip/signal shown on the touchscreen) **and** are
mirrored to **SIG/CLIP LED drive lines on the digital interconnect** so a face can fit discrete LEDs.
### 5.3 ESD / EMI hardening
- **USB-C:** USBLC6-2SC6 (or TPD4E05U06) ESD array on D±/CC/VBUS; common-mode choke on the data
pair; shell bonded to chassis via RC; ferrite + TVS + bulk on VBUS.
- **Interconnects:** ~33 Ω series on fast SPI lines for edge-rate control; ESD clamp arrays on any
line reaching a user-touchable cable; interleaved ground pins; ferrite beads where 3V3/5V cross
into the analog domain.
- **Board:** full ground planes + stitching vias; the boost/inverter switcher lives in a guarded
corner away from the analog section; analog/digital grounds meet at a single **star point**.
- **Heirloom option:** conformal coating for humidity/longevity (build-time choice).
### 5.4 Chassis / strain-relief (core-side)
- 4× **M3 mounting holes** with keep-outs; a dedicated chassis-ground pad/pin.
- **Through-hole-anchored USB-C** jack (SMD-only tabs shear off with cable wiggle — unacceptable for
a 50-year device).
- **Shrouded, keyed, latching** interconnect headers (can't insert backward or vibrate loose).
- Panel strain-relief and connector mounting live on the face/enclosure.
### 5.5 Interconnect pinout — see §7.
## 6. Power tree
| Rail | Source | Part | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| +5 V | USB-C VBUS | — | ferrite + TVS + bulk |
| +3V3 (IO) | LDO from 5 V | AP2112K-3.3 / TLV75533 | digital domain |
| +1.1 V core | RP2350 internal SMPS | (external inductor) | per RP2350 ref |
| ±18 V (raw) | dual boost/inverter from 5 V | **TPS65131** | switcher, guarded corner |
| **±15 V (clean)** | ultra-low-noise LDO | **TPS7A4901 (+) / TPS7A3001 ()** | feeds all audio op-amps |
## 7. Interconnect pinouts
### 7.1 Digital ribbon — 2×13 (26-pin) IDC, Pico-pinout-compatible
Grounds interleaved around SPI. A Pico/Pico 2 test adapter maps these to the listed GP.
| Pin | Signal | GP | | Pin | Signal | GP |
|----|--------|----|--|----|--------|----|
| 1 | +5V | — | | 2 | GND | — |
| 3 | +3V3 | — | | 4 | GND | — |
| 5 | SPI_SCK | GP2 | | 6 | GND | — |
| 7 | SPI_MOSI | GP3 | | 8 | LCD_CS | GP5 |
| 9 | LCD_DC | GP6 | | 10 | LCD_RST | GP7 |
| 11 | GND | — | | 12 | I2C_SDA | GP8 |
| 13 | I2C_SCL | GP9 | | 14 | GND | — |
| 15 | JOY_X (ADC0) | GP26 | | 16 | JOY_Y (ADC1) | GP27 |
| 17 | BTN_A | GP15 | | 18 | BTN_B | GP14 |
| 19 | WS2812 | GP12 | | 20 | GND | — |
| 21 | GNDLIFT_SW (in) | GP21 | | 22 | LINEINST_SW (in) | GP22 |
| 23 | SIG_LED | GP19 | | 24 | CLIP_LED | GP20 |
| 25 | GND | — | | 26 | GND | — |
*I²S (BCK/LRCK/DOUT), the relays (line/inst route GP16, mute GP18, gnd-lift GP17), and MCLK stay
on-core — they are not on the ribbon. A Pico test brain drives the digital/face I/O above but
**cannot** drive the analog chain (DAC/op-amps are core-only).*
### 7.2 Analog audio interconnect — 2×5 (10-pin), twisted/shielded, away from digital
| Pin | Signal | | Pin | Signal |
|----|--------|--|----|--------|
| 1 | AOUT_HOT | | 2 | AGND |
| 3 | AOUT_COLD | | 4 | CHASSIS/SHIELD (face side of ground-lift) |
| 5 | AIN_HOT | | 6 | AGND |
| 7 | AIN_COLD | | 8 | SPK+ (DNP) |
| 9 | AGND | | 10 | SPK (DNP) |
### 7.3 MIDI interconnect — 1×6, only if DNP MIDI populated
| Pin | Signal |
|----|--------|
| 1 | MIDI_OUT_A (TRS-A tip/ring leg) |
| 2 | MIDI_OUT_B |
| 3 | MIDI_IN_A (to opto) |
| 4 | MIDI_IN_B |
| 5 | +5V (OUT drive) |
| 6 | GND / shield |
## 8. BOM
Full part list with manufacturer numbers and rough costs in **`hardware/BOM.csv`**. Headline parts:
RP2350A · W25Q128JV · PCM5102A · THAT1240 + THAT1646 · OPA1641 · OPA1612 · TPS65131 + TPS7A4901/3001 ·
RV-8803 · USBLC6-2SC6 · 3× Panasonic TQ2SA gold-contact relays · H11L1 (DNP).
## 9. Manufacturing
- **PCB:** ENIG (gold) finish — non-negotiable for decades of reliable contacts/solderability.
- **Assembly:** JLCPCB/PCBWay PCBA, ~5-board prototype minimum; ~$80200 first run. Core parts cost
~$2540/board one-off (pro op-amps + relays dominate), trending toward ~$1520 at qty 100.
- Most expensive items are the THAT audio ICs and the relays — that's where "heirloom" lives.
## 10. Open items
- **PCB layout/routing is the interactive next step** — placement, controlled-impedance USB pair,
star ground, switcher isolation, copper pours, DRC. The KiCad project under `hardware/kicad/`
is a documented schematic canvas + design-of-record; symbol placement and wiring happen in
Eeschema. `kicad-cli` is used here for ERC and PDF export verification.
- Confirm the exact 3.5" ST7796/GT911 panel connector (FPC vs header) before finalizing the face.
- Decide MIDI connector (TRS-MIDI Type-A vs DIN-5) per form factor — face decision.

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# KiCad generated/derived outputs
*.pdf
*.net
*-bak
*.kicad_prl
fp-info-cache
~*.lck

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{
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(kicad_sch (version 20230121) (generator eeschema)
(uuid 743b8308-6a69-48de-a6ff-2336bc6c804f)
(paper "A3")
(title_block
(title "PM_K-1 Core Board (brain) - VARASYS PolyMeter")
(date "2026-05-30")
(rev "A")
(company "VARASYS")
(comment 1 "Heirloom pro-audio modular core: RP2350 + +/-15V studio audio + balanced click-injector")
(comment 2 "Design-of-record canvas - see hardware/DESIGN.md. Symbol placement + wiring = interactive TODO in Eeschema.")
)
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(text "PM_K-1 CORE BOARD (\"brain\")\nHeirloom pro-audio modular core - design-of-record canvas.\nFull spec, BOM and interconnect pinouts: hardware/DESIGN.md + hardware/BOM.csv."
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(text "POWER TREE\nUSB-C 5V -> AP2112K 3V3 (digital IO)\nRP2350 internal SMPS -> 1.1V core (ext L)\nTPS65131 dual boost/inverter -> raw +/-18V\nTPS7A4901 / TPS7A3001 LDO -> CLEAN +/-15V (audio)\nStar ground; switcher in a guarded corner."
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(text "MCU + DIGITAL\nRP2350A (QFN-60) - mind E9 erratum: external pulldowns on read inputs.\nW25Q128JV 16MB QSPI flash (wear-leveled).\n12MHz crystal. SWD 2x5 + labeled test points.\nI2S BCK/LRCK/DOUT + low-jitter 24.576MHz MCLK stay ON-CORE."
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(text "CLICK SOURCE\nPCM5102A I2S DAC (Burr-Brown).\nFed by dedicated low-jitter audio XO (ASEM1-24.576MHz),\nnot PIO-jittered MCLK."
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(text "ANALOG INPUT (switchable line / instrument)\nProtection (non-negotiable): series DC-block film cap (blocks +48V phantom),\nclamp diodes/TVS to rails, series current-limit R.\nLINE: THAT1240 balanced receiver (laser-trimmed CMRR).\nINST: OPA1641 JFET Hi-Z buffer (>=1Mohm) + ~+10..15dB gain.\nK1 gold relay selects path (GPIO; touchscreen or optional face switch)."
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(text "MIX + OUTPUT\nMix = digital/firmware (click level via DAC); analog stage at unity.\nTHAT1646 balanced driver + 47ohm build-out per leg.\nOutput level: Bourns 3296W 25-turn trim -> DAC FS = +4dBu (~+24dBu headroom).\nMUTE relay K2: fail-safe (de-energized = muted); HW supervisor, not MCU-dependent.\nGROUND-LIFT: face panel switch IN SERIES with core relay K3; soft-lift 100ohm||10nF.\nNO electrolytics in signal path - WIMA film caps, 0.1% thin-film R."
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(text "INDICATORS / MIDI / SPEAKER\nSIG/CLIP: peak detect -> LM393 -> RP2350 GPIO (UI) + LED lines on interconnect.\nMIDI: USB-MIDI default (firmware). DNP hardware option: H11L1 opto IN + 74LVC14 OUT/THRU.\nSpeaker: PAM8302 class-D, DNP per form factor.\nESD/EMI: USBLC6-2 on USB + CM choke; series R + ESD arrays on interconnect; ferrites at analog crossing."
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(text "INTERCONNECTS (see DESIGN.md s7)\nJ2 DIGITAL RIBBON 2x13 - Pico-pinout-compatible (SPI/I2C/ADC/buttons/LED + GNDLIFT_SW/LINEINST_SW/SIG_LED/CLIP_LED).\nJ3 ANALOG 2x5 - AOUT H/C, AIN H/C, AGND, CHASSIS/SHIELD, SPK+/- (DNP). Kept away from the fast digital ribbon.\nJ4 MIDI 1x6 - OUT A/B, IN A/B, +5V, GND (only if DNP MIDI populated).\nRelays + I2S + MCLK are core-only and NOT on the ribbon; a Pico test brain drives digital I/O but not the analog chain."
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