diff --git a/browse/js/hovercard.js b/browse/js/hovercard.js
index be0f87a..b1c6220 100644
--- a/browse/js/hovercard.js
+++ b/browse/js/hovercard.js
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
                 + '<span class="tree-hovercard__val" id="hc-roles">…</span>';
         }
 
-        // Path comes last (longest, most likely to wrap).
-        var path = tree ? tree.pathFor(node) : '';
-        if (path) html += kv('Path', path, true);
-        if (node.url && node.url !== path) html += kv('URL', node.url, true);
+        // URL last (longest, most likely to wrap) — rendered as a clickable
+        // link the user can open or right-click to copy. The on-disk path is
+        // intentionally omitted; the URL is the shareable reference.
+        if (node.url) html += kvLink('URL', node.url, node.url);
 
         return html;
     }
diff --git a/browse/js/menu-model.js b/browse/js/menu-model.js
index 9a2570c..56bb50a 100644
--- a/browse/js/menu-model.js
+++ b/browse/js/menu-model.js
@@ -58,16 +58,9 @@
     function isSiteAdmin(access) { return !!(access && access.is_super_admin); }
     function isSubtreeAdminHere(access) { return !!(access && access.path_is_admin); }
 
-    function tierLabelForMissing(missing) {
-        switch (missing) {
-            case 'w': return "You don't have write access to this item.";
-            case 'd': return "You don't have delete access to this item.";
-            case 'c': return 'You don’t have create access here.';
-            case 'subtree-admin': return 'Project administrators only.';
-            case 'site-admin': return 'Site administrators only.';
-            default: return '';
-        }
-    }
+    // Create / mutate / admin actions are HIDDEN when the user can't perform
+    // them (capability folded into appliesTo), so these gates only need the
+    // boolean — the `missing` field is retained for potential future tooltips.
 
     // Rename/Delete gate — preserves today's compose exactly: canMutate rules
     // out un-writable sources (offline FS without a handle, zip members,
@@ -141,7 +134,12 @@
             },
             appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !ctx.node.virtual; },
             action: function (ctx) {
-                if (ctx.node.isDir || ctx.node.isZip) {
+                if (ctx.node.isDir) {
+                    // Open = navigate into the folder (rescope). Inline
+                    // expand stays on single-click / chevron / arrow keys.
+                    if (act.navigateIntoFolder) act.navigateIntoFolder(ctx.node);
+                } else if (ctx.node.isZip) {
+                    // A zip can't be navigated into — expand it inline.
                     var t = window.app.modules.tree;
                     if (t) t.toggleFolder(ctx.node.id);
                 } else {
@@ -180,26 +178,27 @@
         },
 
         // ── create (folder rows + pane; NOT file rows) ──
+        // Create actions are HIDDEN unless the user can create here (the
+        // capability is folded into appliesTo, not greyed). On a row they
+        // apply to folders only (create inside); on the pane, to the scope.
         {
             id: 'new-folder', group: 'create', surfaces: ['row', 'pane'],
             label: 'New folder',
             appliesTo: function (ctx) {
-                if (ctx.surface === 'pane') return true;
-                return appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node) && !insideZip(ctx.node);
+                var typeOk = ctx.surface === 'pane'
+                    || (appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node) && !insideZip(ctx.node));
+                return typeOk && createGate(ctx).enabled;
             },
-            enabled: function (ctx) { return createGate(ctx).enabled; },
-            tooltip: function (ctx) { return tierLabelForMissing(createGate(ctx).missing); },
             action: function (ctx) { if (act.createInDir) act.createInDir(ctx.dir, 'folder'); }
         },
         {
-            id: 'new-md', group: 'create', surfaces: ['row', 'pane'],
-            label: 'New markdown file',
+            id: 'new-file', group: 'create', surfaces: ['row', 'pane'],
+            label: 'New file',
             appliesTo: function (ctx) {
-                if (ctx.surface === 'pane') return true;
-                return appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node) && !insideZip(ctx.node);
+                var typeOk = ctx.surface === 'pane'
+                    || (appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node) && !insideZip(ctx.node));
+                return typeOk && createGate(ctx).enabled;
             },
-            enabled: function (ctx) { return createGate(ctx).enabled; },
-            tooltip: function (ctx) { return tierLabelForMissing(createGate(ctx).missing); },
             action: function (ctx) { if (act.createInDir) act.createInDir(ctx.dir, 'markdown'); }
         },
         {
@@ -212,56 +211,20 @@
             }
         },
 
-        // ── mutate (permission-gated; shown disabled + tooltip) ──
+        // ── mutate (HIDDEN unless permitted — capability folded into appliesTo) ──
         {
             id: 'rename', group: 'mutate', surfaces: ['row'],
             label: 'Rename…',
-            appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !ctx.node.virtual; },
-            enabled: function (ctx) { return verbGate(ctx.node, 'w').enabled; },
-            tooltip: function (ctx) { return tierLabelForMissing(verbGate(ctx.node, 'w').missing); },
+            appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !ctx.node.virtual && verbGate(ctx.node, 'w').enabled; },
             action: function (ctx) { if (act.renameNode) act.renameNode(ctx.node); }
         },
         {
             id: 'delete', group: 'mutate', surfaces: ['row'], danger: true,
             label: 'Delete…',
-            appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !ctx.node.virtual; },
-            enabled: function (ctx) { return verbGate(ctx.node, 'd').enabled; },
-            tooltip: function (ctx) { return tierLabelForMissing(verbGate(ctx.node, 'd').missing); },
+            appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !ctx.node.virtual && verbGate(ctx.node, 'd').enabled; },
             action: function (ctx) { if (act.deleteNode) act.deleteNode(ctx.node); }
         },
 
-        // ── clipboard ──
-        {
-            id: 'copy-path', group: 'clipboard', surfaces: ['row'],
-            label: 'Copy path',
-            action: function (ctx) {
-                var t = window.app.modules.tree;
-                var path = t ? t.pathFor(ctx.node) : ctx.node.name;
-                if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {
-                    navigator.clipboard.writeText(path).then(
-                        function () { if (act.statusInfo) act.statusInfo('Copied: ' + path); },
-                        function () { if (act.statusError) act.statusError('Clipboard copy denied'); }
-                    );
-                } else if (act.statusInfo) { act.statusInfo(path); }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            id: 'copy-name', group: 'clipboard', surfaces: ['row'],
-            label: 'Copy name',
-            action: function (ctx) {
-                var n = ctx.node.name;
-                var ext = ctx.node.ext;
-                if (!ctx.node.isDir && ext
-                    && !n.toLowerCase().endsWith('.' + ext.toLowerCase())) {
-                    n = window.zddc.joinExtension(n, ext);
-                }
-                if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {
-                    navigator.clipboard.writeText(n);
-                }
-                if (act.statusInfo) act.statusInfo('Copied: ' + n);
-            }
-        },
-
         // ── treeops (folder/zip rows only) ──
         {
             id: 'expand-subtree', group: 'treeops', surfaces: ['row'],
@@ -281,12 +244,6 @@
                 if (t) t.collapseSubtree(ctx.node.id);
             }
         },
-        {
-            id: 'navigate-into', group: 'treeops', surfaces: ['row'],
-            label: 'Navigate into', accel: 'Dbl-click',
-            appliesTo: function (ctx) { return !!ctx.node.isDir; },
-            action: function (ctx) { if (act.navigateIntoFolder) act.navigateIntoFolder(ctx.node); }
-        },
 
         // ── workflow (already type+scope gated → omitted when N/A) ──
         {
@@ -357,14 +314,15 @@
 
         // ── admin / sub-admin tier ──
         {
+            // HIDDEN unless the user can actually edit access rules here
+            // (admin verb 'a', or subtree/site admin) — not shown greyed.
             id: 'manage-access', group: 'admin', surfaces: ['row', 'pane'],
             label: 'Edit access rules…',
             appliesTo: function (ctx) {
                 if (!isServer()) return false; // server-only tier
-                return ctx.surface === 'pane' || appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node);
+                var typeOk = ctx.surface === 'pane' || appliesToFolderLike(ctx.node);
+                return typeOk && manageAccessGate(ctx).enabled;
             },
-            enabled: function (ctx) { return manageAccessGate(ctx).enabled; },
-            tooltip: function (ctx) { return tierLabelForMissing(manageAccessGate(ctx).missing); },
             action: function (ctx) { openZddcEditor(ctx.dir); }
         },
 
diff --git a/tests/browse.spec.js b/tests/browse.spec.js
index 0f79e53..fd80da3 100644
--- a/tests/browse.spec.js
+++ b/tests/browse.spec.js
@@ -233,10 +233,13 @@ test.describe('Browse menu — context & tiers', () => {
         await fileRow.click({ button: 'right' });
         await page.waitForSelector('.zddc-menu', { timeout: 5000 });
         await expect(page.locator('.zddc-menu__item', { hasText: 'New folder' })).toHaveCount(0);
-        await expect(page.locator('.zddc-menu__item', { hasText: 'New markdown file' })).toHaveCount(0);
+        await expect(page.locator('.zddc-menu__item', { hasText: 'New file' })).toHaveCount(0);
+        // Copy path/name removed; Navigate into folded into Open.
+        await expect(page.locator('.zddc-menu__item', { hasText: 'Copy path' })).toHaveCount(0);
+        await expect(page.locator('.zddc-menu__item', { hasText: 'Navigate into' })).toHaveCount(0);
     });
 
-    test('folder row SHOWS New folder, enabled', async ({ page }) => {
+    test('folder row SHOWS New folder (FS mode → create permitted), enabled', async ({ page }) => {
         await openWithTree(page);
         const folderRow = page.locator('.tree-row', { has: page.locator('.tree-name__label', { hasText: /^sub$/ }) });
         await folderRow.click({ button: 'right' });
@@ -246,25 +249,26 @@ test.describe('Browse menu — context & tiers', () => {
         await expect(item).not.toHaveClass(/is-disabled/);
     });
 
-    test('permission-gated item is shown disabled with a reason (server verbs)', async ({ page }) => {
+    test('permission-gated items are HIDDEN when not permitted, shown when permitted', async ({ page }) => {
         await openWithTree(page);
-        // Pure-DOM unit over the declarative model: a read-only server node.
+        // Pure-DOM unit over the declarative model in server mode.
         const res = await page.evaluate(() => {
             window.app.state.source = 'server';
-            const node = { name: 'doc.md', ext: 'md', isDir: false, isZip: false,
-                           virtual: false, url: '/doc.md', verbs: 'r' };
-            const items = window.app.modules.menuModel.buildRowItems(node, null, { path_verbs: 'r' });
-            const labels = items.filter((i) => i.label).map((i) => i.label);
-            const rename = items.find((i) => i.label === 'Rename…');
-            return {
-                renameDisabled: rename.disabled(),
-                renameTooltip: rename.tooltip(),
-                hasNewFolder: labels.indexOf('New folder') !== -1,
-            };
+            function labels(verbs) {
+                const node = { name: 'doc.md', ext: 'md', isDir: false, isZip: false,
+                               virtual: false, url: '/doc.md', verbs: verbs };
+                return window.app.modules.menuModel
+                    .buildRowItems(node, null, { path_verbs: verbs })
+                    .filter((i) => i.label).map((i) => i.label);
+            }
+            return { ro: labels('r'), rwd: labels('rwd') };
         });
-        expect(res.renameDisabled).toBe(true);
-        expect(res.renameTooltip.toLowerCase()).toContain('write access');
-        expect(res.hasNewFolder).toBe(false); // file → create omitted, not greyed
+        // read-only → no Rename/Delete (hidden, not greyed)
+        expect(res.ro).not.toContain('Rename…');
+        expect(res.ro).not.toContain('Delete…');
+        // read+write+delete → both present
+        expect(res.rwd).toContain('Rename…');
+        expect(res.rwd).toContain('Delete…');
     });
 
     test('toolbar Sort and Show-hidden drive state; New buttons present', async ({ page }) => {